Which of the following are examples of congenital aplastic anemia?

Congenital aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce sufficient blood cells, leading to anemia and an increased risk of infections and bleeding. Among the options presented, Fanconi Anemia and Dyskeratosis Congenita are both classified as congenital conditions that result in aplastic anemia.

Fanconi Anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and is known for its association with physical anomalies and a predisposition to cancer. Its mechanism involves defects in DNA repair, which can lead to ineffective hematopoiesis, thus resulting in the features of aplastic anemia.

Dyskeratosis Congenita is another genetic disorder that can manifest with skin changes, nail dystrophy, and mucosal abnormalities, along with bone marrow failure. The bone marrow failure occurs due to intrinsic factors that affect the stem cells, leading to their diminished functionality, which aligns it with congenital aplastic anemia.

In contrast, Diamond-Blackfan Anemia, although also a type of marrow failure, is more specifically characterized by macrocytic anemia and does not fit neatly under the umbrella term "aplastic anemia" in the same way that Fanconi Anemia and Dyskeratosis Congenita do. The other options listed contain various